❶With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.❷"Tech is designed to really suck you in,^^ says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.❸It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.
❶Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.❷She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. ❷During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. ❷Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
❶Infants are wired to look at parents5 faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive——as they often are when absorbed in a device— it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.❷Radesky cites the "still face experiment^^ devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. ❷In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.❹"Parents don't have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a （28） child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.
❶On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that (29) the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children: "It's based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.^^ ❷Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there5s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. ❷Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.❹This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time. IZ1
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父母在过多地关注孩子使用数码产品的 同时，往往容易忽略自己对数码产品的使用。 科技旨在让你深陷其中，”珍妮•拉 德斯基在其关于数字娱乐的研究中说道，“而 且数码产品是为了最大化地提高参与度c它 使得人们难以脱身，并且广泛渗透到家庭日 常生活中。” 通过让数对母子参与食物测试活动，拉 德斯基研究了人们在进餐时手机和平板电脑 的使用情况。（27 ）她发现，在活动期间使 用数码设备的母亲和孩子间的言语交流和非 言语交流（比不使用这些设备的母亲）分别 减少了 20%和39%。在另外一次观察中,她 发现手机成了导致家庭关系紧张的一个根源O 当孩子们兴奋地努力引起父母的关注时，父 母却在查看他们的邮件。 婴儿天生就会通过观察父母的脸来试图 了解他们的世界，但是如果父母面无表情且 毫无反应（就像他们被电子设备吸引时经常 表现的那样），就会让孩子感到非常不安。 拉德斯基援引了发展心理学家爱德华•特罗 尼克在20世纪70年代设计的“面无表情实 验”。在这个实验中，他要求一位母亲先用 一种常规的方式和她的孩子互动，然后变得 面无表情且不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反 馈：孩子在试图吸引母亲注意力的过程中变 得越来越痛苦。“父母不必时时刻刻都近乎完 美地陪在孩子身边，但是要保持一种平衡， 并且父母需要对孩子的言语或非言语表 达的情感需求有所回应和感知，”拉德斯基 丄3令 另一方面，特罗尼克自己也担心， 这些对孩子使用数码产品的担忧源自一种“要 求父母一直与他们的孩子互动的压制性的意 识形态”—“它基于一种有点虚幻但非常 符合白人和中上层阶级观念的意识形态，宣 称如果你与孩子交流的词汇量未达到3万个， 那你就是在忽视他们。” (30)特罗尼克认 为，并不能仅仅因为孩子没有从数码产品中 学习到知识就认定它没有价值——特别是如 果它能够让父母有时间洗澡、做家务或者只 是暂时离开孩子休息一下。他表示,父母可 以从使用电子设备和朋友交谈或者完成一些 工作中获益良多。这能使他们感到更加幸福， 也让他们在其余时间有更多闲暇和孩子们待